Finish

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.git
+.gitignore
+__pycache__
+*.pyc
+*.pyo
+*.pyd
+venv
+.venv
+.env
+postgres_password.txt
+web_secret_key.txt

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+# Created by https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore/api/python,django
+# Edit at https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore?templates=python,django
+
+### Django ###
+*.log
+*.pot
+*.pyc
+__pycache__/
+local_settings.py
+db.sqlite3
+db.sqlite3-journal
+media
+
+# If your build process includes running collectstatic, then you probably don't need or want to include staticfiles/
+# in your Git repository. Update and uncomment the following line accordingly.
+staticfiles/
+
+### Django.Python Stack ###
+# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+
+# C extensions
+*.so
+
+# Distribution / packaging
+.Python
+build/
+develop-eggs/
+dist/
+downloads/
+eggs/
+.eggs/
+lib/
+lib64/
+parts/
+sdist/
+var/
+wheels/
+share/python-wheels/
+*.egg-info/
+.installed.cfg
+*.egg
+MANIFEST
+
+# PyInstaller
+#  Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
+#  before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
+*.manifest
+*.spec
+
+# Installer logs
+pip-log.txt
+pip-delete-this-directory.txt
+
+# Unit test / coverage reports
+htmlcov/
+.tox/
+.nox/
+.coverage
+.coverage.*
+.cache
+nosetests.xml
+coverage.xml
+*.cover
+*.py,cover
+.hypothesis/
+.pytest_cache/
+cover/
+
+# Translations
+*.mo
+
+# Django stuff:
+
+# Flask stuff:
+instance/
+.webassets-cache
+
+# Scrapy stuff:
+.scrapy
+
+# Sphinx documentation
+docs/_build/
+
+# PyBuilder
+.pybuilder/
+target/
+
+# Jupyter Notebook
+.ipynb_checkpoints
+
+# IPython
+profile_default/
+ipython_config.py
+
+# pyenv
+#   For a library or package, you might want to ignore these files since the code is
+#   intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in:
+# .python-version
+
+# pipenv
+#   According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control.
+#   However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies
+#   having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not
+#   install all needed dependencies.
+#Pipfile.lock
+
+# poetry
+#   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include poetry.lock in version control.
+#   This is especially recommended for binary packages to ensure reproducibility, and is more
+#   commonly ignored for libraries.
+#   https://python-poetry.org/docs/basic-usage/#commit-your-poetrylock-file-to-version-control
+#poetry.lock
+
+# pdm
+#   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include pdm.lock in version control.
+#pdm.lock
+#   pdm stores project-wide configurations in .pdm.toml, but it is recommended to not include it
+#   in version control.
+#   https://pdm.fming.dev/#use-with-ide
+.pdm.toml
+
+# PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow and github.com/pdm-project/pdm
+__pypackages__/
+
+# Celery stuff
+celerybeat-schedule
+celerybeat.pid
+
+# SageMath parsed files
+*.sage.py
+
+# Environments
+.env
+.venv
+env/
+venv/
+ENV/
+env.bak/
+venv.bak/
+
+# Spyder project settings
+.spyderproject
+.spyproject
+
+# Rope project settings
+.ropeproject
+
+# mkdocs documentation
+/site
+
+# mypy
+.mypy_cache/
+.dmypy.json
+dmypy.json
+
+# Pyre type checker
+.pyre/
+
+# pytype static type analyzer
+.pytype/
+
+# Cython debug symbols
+cython_debug/
+
+# PyCharm
+#  JetBrains specific template is maintained in a separate JetBrains.gitignore that can
+#  be found at https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Global/JetBrains.gitignore
+#  and can be added to the global gitignore or merged into this file.  For a more nuclear
+#  option (not recommended) you can uncomment the following to ignore the entire idea folder.
+#.idea/
+
+### Python ###
+# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
+
+# C extensions
+
+# Distribution / packaging
+
+# PyInstaller
+#  Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
+#  before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
+
+# Installer logs
+
+# Unit test / coverage reports
+
+# Translations
+
+# Django stuff:
+
+# Flask stuff:
+
+# Scrapy stuff:
+
+# Sphinx documentation
+
+# PyBuilder
+
+# Jupyter Notebook
+
+# IPython
+
+# pyenv
+#   For a library or package, you might want to ignore these files since the code is
+#   intended to run in multiple environments; otherwise, check them in:
+# .python-version
+
+# pipenv
+#   According to pypa/pipenv#598, it is recommended to include Pipfile.lock in version control.
+#   However, in case of collaboration, if having platform-specific dependencies or dependencies
+#   having no cross-platform support, pipenv may install dependencies that don't work, or not
+#   install all needed dependencies.
+
+# poetry
+#   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include poetry.lock in version control.
+#   This is especially recommended for binary packages to ensure reproducibility, and is more
+#   commonly ignored for libraries.
+#   https://python-poetry.org/docs/basic-usage/#commit-your-poetrylock-file-to-version-control
+
+# pdm
+#   Similar to Pipfile.lock, it is generally recommended to include pdm.lock in version control.
+#   pdm stores project-wide configurations in .pdm.toml, but it is recommended to not include it
+#   in version control.
+#   https://pdm.fming.dev/#use-with-ide
+
+# PEP 582; used by e.g. github.com/David-OConnor/pyflow and github.com/pdm-project/pdm
+
+# Celery stuff
+
+# SageMath parsed files
+
+# Environments
+
+# Spyder project settings
+
+# Rope project settings
+
+# mkdocs documentation
+
+# mypy
+
+# Pyre type checker
+
+# pytype static type analyzer
+
+# Cython debug symbols
+
+# PyCharm
+#  JetBrains specific template is maintained in a separate JetBrains.gitignore that can
+#  be found at https://github.com/github/gitignore/blob/main/Global/JetBrains.gitignore
+#  and can be added to the global gitignore or merged into this file.  For a more nuclear
+#  option (not recommended) you can uncomment the following to ignore the entire idea folder.
+
+### Python Patch ###
+# Poetry local configuration file - https://python-poetry.org/docs/configuration/#local-configuration
+poetry.toml
+
+# ruff
+.ruff_cache/
+
+# LSP config files
+pyrightconfig.json
+
+# End of https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore/api/python,django
+
+postgres_password.txt
+web_secret_key.txt

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+FROM python:3.12-slim
+
+ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1
+ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y build-essential curl libpq-dev
+
+RUN curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 -
+
+ENV PATH="/root/.local/bin:$PATH"
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY pyproject.toml poetry.lock* /app/
+
+RUN poetry install --no-root
+
+COPY . /app/
+
+RUN poetry run python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["/app/entrypoint.sh"]
+
+EXPOSE 8000

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# URL Shortener

docker-compose.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+networks:
+  url_shortener:
+
+volumes:
+  postgres_data:
+
+secrets:
+  web_secret_key:
+    file: ./web_secret_key.txt
+  postgres_password:
+    file: ./postgres_password.txt
+
+services:
+  web:
+    build: .
+    image: pinlin/url-shortener:latest
+    restart: always
+    networks:
+      - url_shortener
+    secrets:
+      - web_secret_key
+      - postgres_password
+    environment:
+      SECRET_KEY_FILE: /run/secrets/web_secret_key
+      POSTGRES_HOST: postgres
+      POSTGRES_PORT: 5432
+      POSTGRES_DATABASE: url_shortener
+      POSTGRES_USERNAME: url_shortener
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD_FILE: /run/secrets/postgres_password
+    ports:
+      - "8000:8000"
+    depends_on:
+      - postgres
+
+  postgres:
+    image: postgres:16.4-alpine
+    restart: always
+    networks:
+      - url_shortener
+    volumes:
+      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data/
+    secrets:
+      - postgres_password
+    environment:
+      POSTGRES_DB: url_shortener
+      POSTGRES_USER: url_shortener
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD_FILE: /run/secrets/postgres_password

entrypoint.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+if [ -f "$SECRET_KEY_FILE" ]; then
+    export SECRET_KEY=$(cat $SECRET_KEY_FILE)
+fi
+
+if [ -f "$POSTGRES_PASSWORD_FILE" ]; then
+    export POSTGRES_PASSWORD=$(cat $POSTGRES_PASSWORD_FILE)
+fi
+
+poetry run python manage.py migrate
+
+poetry run gunicorn url_shortener.wsgi:application \
+    --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 \
+    --workers 3 \
+    --log-level info \
+    --timeout 30

example.env

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+SECRET_KEY=
+
+POSTGRES_HOST=localhost
+POSTGRES_PORT=5432
+POSTGRES_DATABASE=url_shortener
+POSTGRES_USERNAME=url_shortener
+POSTGRES_PASSWORD=

manage.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks."""
+import os
+import sys
+
+
+def main():
+    """Run administrative tasks."""
+    os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'url_shortener.settings')
+    try:
+        from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
+    except ImportError as exc:
+        raise ImportError(
+            "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and "
+            "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you "
+            "forget to activate a virtual environment?"
+        ) from exc
+    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

poetry.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Poetry 1.8.4 and should not be changed by hand.
+
+[[package]]
+name = "asgiref"
+version = "3.8.1"
+description = "ASGI specs, helper code, and adapters"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
+files = [
+    {file = "asgiref-3.8.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:3e1e3ecc849832fe52ccf2cb6686b7a55f82bb1d6aee72a58826471390335e47"},
+    {file = "asgiref-3.8.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c343bd80a0bec947a9860adb4c432ffa7db769836c64238fc34bdc3fec84d590"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+tests = ["mypy (>=0.800)", "pytest", "pytest-asyncio"]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "brotli"
+version = "1.1.0"
+description = "Python bindings for the Brotli compression library"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "*"
+files = [
+    {file = "Brotli-1.1.0-cp310-cp310-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:e1140c64812cb9b06c922e77f1c26a75ec5e3f0fb2bf92cc8c58720dec276752"},
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+description = "Read key-value pairs from a .env file and set them as environment variables"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.8"
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+description = "Provider of IANA time zone data"
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+description = "Radically simplified static file serving for WSGI applications"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.9"
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+
+[package.dependencies]
+brotli = {version = "*", optional = true, markers = "extra == \"brotli\""}
+
+[package.extras]
+brotli = ["brotli"]
+
+[metadata]
+lock-version = "2.0"
+python-versions = "^3.12"
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pyproject.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[tool.poetry]
+name = "url-shortener"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = ""
+authors = ["Pin Lin <pinlin945@gmail.com>"]
+readme = "README.md"
+
+[tool.poetry.dependencies]
+python = "^3.12"
+django = "^5.1.3"
+gunicorn = "^23.0.0"
+python-dotenv = "^1.0.1"
+psycopg2-binary = "^2.9.10"
+whitenoise = {extras = ["brotli"], version = "^6.7.0"}
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"

short_url/admin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from django.contrib import admin
+
+from .models import ShortUrl
+
+
+@admin.register(ShortUrl)
+class ShortUrlAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
+    list_display = (
+        "id",
+        "alias",
+        "target",
+        "created_at",
+        "updated_at",
+    )
+    search_fields = ["alias", "target"]

short_url/apps.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from django.apps import AppConfig
+
+
+class ShortUrlConfig(AppConfig):
+    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
+    name = 'short_url'

short_url/migrations/0001_initial.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Generated by Django 5.1.3 on 2024-11-12 14:00
+
+import url_shortener.utils
+from django.db import migrations, models
+
+
+class Migration(migrations.Migration):
+
+    initial = True
+
+    dependencies = [
+    ]
+
+    operations = [
+        migrations.CreateModel(
+            name='ShortUrl',
+            fields=[
+                ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')),
+                ('alias', models.CharField(default=url_shortener.utils.generate_random_string_3, max_length=120, unique=True)),
+                ('target', models.URLField()),
+                ('created_at', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)),
+                ('updated_at', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)),
+            ],
+        ),
+    ]

short_url/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from django.db import models
+
+from url_shortener.utils import generate_random_string_3
+
+
+class ShortUrl(models.Model):
+    alias = models.CharField(
+        max_length=120, unique=True, default=generate_random_string_3
+    )
+    target = models.URLField()
+    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
+    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

short_url/tests.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from django.test import TestCase
+
+# Create your tests here.

short_url/views.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from django.http import HttpResponse
+from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
+from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
+
+from .models import ShortUrl
+
+
+@csrf_exempt
+def redirect_to_target(request, alias):
+    short_url = get_object_or_404(ShortUrl, alias=alias)
+
+    response = HttpResponse(status=307)
+    response['Location'] = short_url.target
+    return response

url_shortener/asgi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+"""
+ASGI config for url_shortener project.
+
+It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/howto/deployment/asgi/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application
+
+os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'url_shortener.settings')
+
+application = get_asgi_application()

url_shortener/settings.py

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+"""
+Django settings for url_shortener project.
+
+Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 5.1.3.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/topics/settings/
+
+For the full list of settings and their values, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/ref/settings/
+"""
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+load_dotenv()
+
+# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
+BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+
+
+# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
+# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/howto/deployment/checklist/
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
+SECRET_KEY = os.getenv("SECRET_KEY", "")
+
+# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
+DEBUG = os.getenv("DEBUG", "0") != "0"
+
+ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]
+
+SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO", "https")
+
+# Application definition
+
+INSTALLED_APPS = [
+    "django.contrib.admin",
+    "django.contrib.auth",
+    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
+    "django.contrib.sessions",
+    "django.contrib.messages",
+    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
+    "short_url",
+]
+
+MIDDLEWARE = [
+    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
+    "whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
+    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
+    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
+]
+
+ROOT_URLCONF = "url_shortener.urls"
+
+TEMPLATES = [
+    {
+        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
+        "DIRS": [],
+        "APP_DIRS": True,
+        "OPTIONS": {
+            "context_processors": [
+                "django.template.context_processors.debug",
+                "django.template.context_processors.request",
+                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
+                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
+            ],
+        },
+    },
+]
+
+WSGI_APPLICATION = "url_shortener.wsgi.application"
+
+
+# Database
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/ref/settings/#databases
+
+DATABASES = {
+    "default": {
+        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2",
+        "NAME": os.getenv("POSTGRES_DATABASE"),
+        "USER": os.getenv("POSTGRES_USERNAME"),
+        "PASSWORD": os.getenv("POSTGRES_PASSWORD"),
+        "HOST": os.getenv("POSTGRES_HOST"),
+        "PORT": os.getenv("POSTGRES_PORT", 5432),
+    },
+}
+
+
+# Password validation
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
+
+AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
+    {
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator",
+    },
+    {
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator",
+    },
+    {
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator",
+    },
+    {
+        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator",
+    },
+]
+
+
+# Internationalization
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/topics/i18n/
+
+LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us"
+
+TIME_ZONE = "UTC"
+
+USE_I18N = True
+
+USE_TZ = True
+
+
+# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/howto/static-files/
+
+STATIC_URL = "/static/"
+STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "staticfiles")
+
+# Default primary key field type
+# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/ref/settings/#default-auto-field
+
+DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"
+
+STORAGES = {
+    "staticfiles": {
+        "BACKEND": "whitenoise.storage.CompressedManifestStaticFilesStorage",
+    },
+}

url_shortener/urls.py

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+"""
+URL configuration for url_shortener project.
+
+The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
+    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/topics/http/urls/
+Examples:
+Function views
+    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
+Class-based views
+    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
+Including another URLconf
+    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
+    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
+"""
+from django.contrib import admin
+from django.urls import path
+
+from short_url.views import redirect_to_target
+
+urlpatterns = [
+    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
+    path('<str:alias>/', redirect_to_target, name='redirect_to_target'),
+]

url_shortener/utils.py

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+import secrets
+import string
+
+
+def generate_random_string(length):
+    return "".join(
+        secrets.choice(string.ascii_letters + string.digits) for _ in range(length)
+    )
+
+
+def generate_random_string_3():
+    return generate_random_string(3)

url_shortener/wsgi.py

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+"""
+WSGI config for url_shortener project.
+
+It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``.
+
+For more information on this file, see
+https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/howto/deployment/wsgi/
+"""
+
+import os
+
+from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
+
+os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'url_shortener.settings')
+
+application = get_wsgi_application()